Showing posts with label TECHNOLOGY. Show all posts
Showing posts with label TECHNOLOGY. Show all posts

Solar dyes give a guiding light

By Matt McGrath
BBC science correspondent

Other

A new way of capturing the energy from the Sun could increase the power generated by solar panels tenfold, a team of American scientists has shown.

The new technique involves coating glass with a specific mixture of transparent dyes which redirect light to photovoltaic cells in the frame.

The technology, outlined in the journal Science, could be used to convert glass buildings into vast energy plants.

The technology could be in production within three years, the team said.

See how new solar panel technology works

"It makes sense to coat the side of [very tall] buildings with these new panes," Professor Marc Baldo, one of the researchers on the team, told BBC News. "It's not far fetched at all."

Colour trick

The most advanced attempts to generate large amounts of electricity via the Sun require the use of a solar concentrator.

These are often bulky mobile mirrors that work by tracking the progress of the Sun and concentrating its beams on the cell at its heart.

But there are downsides to this technology: the cells at the centre have to be constantly cooled, and each concentrator requires a large amount of space to avoid shadowing its neighbour. Organic solar concentrator

The new technology does away with the need for mirrors and mobility.

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) team has found a way to coat panes of glass or plastic with a mixture of several dyes that essentially do the same job.

"What we have is a piece of glass, with a very thin layer of paint or dye on top," explained Professor Baldo.

"The light comes in and hits the dye and which absorbs it and re-emits the light, but now it's inside the glass so it bounces along there until it gets to the edge. So you only need to mount the solar cells around the edge."

The idea was first developed in the 1970s but was abandoned because much of the light energy was lost en route to the cell.

But using its expertise in optical techniques and a specific mixture of dyes, the MIT team has found a way to make the light travel much farther without losing as much energy along the way.

Window future

"When you do this there is a little bit of energy loss with the dye," said Professor Baldo.

"The main benefit is with the cost. You use a far smaller amount of solar cells. For the same area of solar cells, you get much more electricity."

Existing solar installations could also benefit from the new concentrator, he said.

"You could take this new kind of glass and put it on top of an existing solar cell so the cell still generates electricity but this glass pane with the dye on top captures a certain part of the spectrum and converts it more efficiently than the solar cell would do on its own."

The MIT team believes it could improve existing panels by 50%.

In addition, the system is simple to manufacture, requiring little more than to coat glass or plastic with the combination of dyes. It could be in production within three years, the researchers believe.

If that becomes a reality, one obvious application, they said, was converting windows into energy plants.

"The coated glass would let through about 10% of the Sun to light up the room, and the remainder would be captured and funnelled to the edges to solar cells to generate electricity," said Professor Baldo.

"It would look like smoked glass because of the dyes."

HOW NEW SOLAR PANEL TECHNOLOGY WORKS
1. First solar concentrator coated with transparent dyes absorbs sunlight and transmits it to glass panel edge
2. High voltage solar cells on edge of glass capture sunlight.
3. Low voltage solar cells trap light escaping through first panel.
4. The first panel can also be used alone as a window pane. In the future, glass buildings could produce their own electrical energy. Return to top


Infographic showing solar panels

Blizzard wins Warcraft bot battle

Screenshot from World of Warcraft, Blizzard

Blizzard has won the first round of a legal battle against the maker of software that automates game play in World of Warcraft.

It brought the case against MDY Industries claiming its WowGlider program infringed its copyright.

An Arizona district court has ruled MDY does infringe Blizzard's copyright but not in the way the game maker claimed.

WowGlider controls characters in Warcraft so they kill enemies and loot them automatically.

Damage claim

The summary judgement by US District Court Judge David Campbell says that MMOGlider, as the software is now called, breaks the terms of the license players agree to abide by when they run World of Warcraft (WoW).

Despite this decision Justice Campbell did not side with Blizzard in its claim that MMOGlider broke the terms of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.

MMOGlider is the creation of MDY founder Michael Donnelly and more than 100,000 copies of the $25 (£12.47) tool are thought to have been sold.

It has proved popular as it helps players overcome the "grind" involved in turning low level WoW characters into more powerful ones.

Blizzard launched the case in 2006 via a lawyer from Vivendi, which publish WoW, who visited Mr Donnelly at home accompanied by a private investigator who told him to stop selling the software and hand over profits from it to Blizzard.

"Offended" by these threats Mr Donnelly decided to take Blizzard on in the courts.

Unless Blizzard and MDY settle out of court the case looks set to go before a jury in September. This court case will decide some of the issues the Judge did not pronounce on and address the question of whether Blizzard is due damages.


Viacom 'backs off' YouTube demand

Google

Viacom has "backed off" from demands to divulge the viewing habits of every user who has ever watched a video on YouTube, the website has claimed.

Google had been ordered to provide personal details of millions of YouTube users to help Viacom prepare its case on alleged copyright infringement.

Google, owners of YouTube, will now hand over the database but without data that could identify users.

Viacom has a $1bn (£497m) copyright infringement lawsuit against Google.

A class action by other organisations including the English Premier League has also agreed to the new terms.

"We are pleased to report that Viacom, MTV and other litigants have backed off their original demand for all users' viewing histories and we will not be providing that information," said a statement on the YouTube blog.

The decision will be welcomed by privacy activists, many of whom expressed concern over a US judge's order for Google to provide the data in early July.

Continuing battle

YouTube, which was bought by Google in 2006, is in battle with Viacom, which owns MTV and Paramount Pictures, over alleged copyright infringement.

Viacom alleges clips from its programmes have been viewed on YouTube without its consent.

When it initiated legal action in March 2007, it said it had identified about 160,000 unauthorised clips of its programmes on the website, which had been viewed more than 1.5 billion times.

Following the launch of its billion-dollar lawsuit, YouTube introduced filtering tools in an effort to prevent content that infringes copyright from appearing on the site.

Viacom had said it wanted the log data to "compare the attractiveness of allegedly infringing video with that of non-infringing videos".

But privacy activists argued in response that the original order "threatens to expose deeply private information" and was in breach of a 1988 Video Privacy Protection Act, which was passed after the rental habits of a Supreme Court nominee were publicised.

The new ruling means that Google will still have to hand over the data logs but in an "anonymized form", meaning YouTube can swap user logins and IP addresses with other random signifiers

An earlier Viacom request that Google be forced to hand over the source code of YouTube has already been denied by a US court on the grounds it is a "trade secret".

Despite Tuesday's agreement, the companies are yet to agree the process of information disclosure regarding viewing of YouTube clips by employees of YouTube and Google. This is expected to be settled in the coming weeks.

The cases are expected to come to trial in 2009 or 2010.

Xbox sets sights on communities

By Darren Waters
Technology editor, BBC News website

Microsoft is hoping to woo new consumers to its Xbox 360 platform with a focus on social gaming and its blockbuster franchises.

At the E3 games summit in Los Angeles, the firm announced a re-design of its online games system Xbox Live with an emphasis on building communities.

Microsoft's Don Mattrick said the aim was to put the Xbox 360 "at the heart of the living room".

However, reports of a price cut for the console did not materialise.

'Next level'

Mr Mattrick predicted the Xbox 360 would outsell the PlayStation 3 worldwide in coming years.

He said the games industry as a whole was poised to become larger than both the music and film industries. Yoichi Wada, president of Square Enix, speaks during a news conference

He said: "We knew...someday our industry would be the biggest form of all entertainment.

"That day has arrived. Today our industry belongs to everyone."

He added: "Games are now the leading driver of all industry spending, outselling music and outstripping box office revenue."

Microsoft announced a series of games and services as it attempts to emulate the success of Nintendo's Wii in attracting new audiences.

The refresh for Xbox Live takes on board some of the characteristics of Nintendo's system, with the introduction of individual avatars to represent gamers, something its rival has done through Mii characters.

The company also announced a social karaoke game, called Lips, which looks to capitalise on the success of Singstar on the PlayStation.

Shane Kim, head of strategy and business development for Xbox, denied that the firm was copying its rivals.

He said: "We're not claiming to invent music games, or avatars. But we're innovating by bringing something new to these games, and taking them to the next level."

The firm unveiled Xbox Live PrimeTime, a new service which will introduce online quiz games made in conjunction with the TV giant Endemol.

"This is a new category of games for the whole family," said John Schappert, head of Xbox Live.

The press conference in Los Angeles was dominated by news of releases of some of the console's biggest franchises.

British developer Peter Molyneux announced that role playing game Fable II had finished development and would be released in October.

Gears of War 2, from US developer Epic, is due for release in November while the latest incarnation of the Final Fantasy series, Final Fantasy XIII, will hit the Xbox 360 for the first time along with rival platform PlayStation 3.


Software maps Rwandan health

Mosquito A system of electronic mapping which allows many different types of data to be layered onto a single image is being used to improve healthcare across Rwanda.

The digital maps, called Geographic Information Systems (GIS), are designed to compile information from numerous databases and use it to both track and predict outbreaks of disease.

This can then be used to help developing countries best utilise their limited resources. For example, GIS is used to organise data on clusters of disease and the availability of drinking water.

"Roads, power lines and buildings can be digitised; you can also store attribute information about the buildings, if they are residential or commercial," Max Baber from the University of Redlands in California, who is leading a GIS project in Rwanda, told BBC World Service's Digital Planet programme.

"Once you tie things down to a certain location, you can start to explore the spatial relationships between them."

Gathering information

By putting this information together on a map, correlations can be found between things that might not be obvious from looking at graphs or tables.

Information collected in Rwanda for example shows not only the locations of health services, but water and electricity supplies as well. It also records how many cases of illnesses such as malaria have occurred in different parts of the country.

FROM DIGITAL PLANET
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The interactive layers on a map can then be used to plan where specific health services and supplies are most needed for example.

"Once you start to gather the data and tie it down to its location, then you can start to see relationships between things like access to unclean water and the impact unclean water is having on health in those locations", Mr Baber added.

The system has allowed health workers in Rwanda track the number of malaria cases at each health facility. A dot on the map centred at each clinic appears larger or smaller depending on the number of cases.

"You can see at a glance where the main cases are; where malaria is increasing or decreasing; where people are most at risk," Nicole Ubashaea, who uses the GIS system at her office at the Centre for Geographic Information Systems in Butare, explained.

"You don't have go through a table and overlay it on printed maps and compare everything."

Data intensive

GIS also has many other applications - from working out the energy needs of a town, the effect of heavy industry on the environment, or the impact of deforestation on carbon dioxide emissions. Congolese refugees in UNHCR refugee camp in Gisenyi, Rwanda

The biggest challenge is to collect enough information to make the databases reliable.

But the results could have far-reaching effects for government policy and making the best use of time and money

"Politicians, like everybody else, derive value from the information that is presented to them," said Mr Baber.

"It presents a clearer picture for them if you can present it in a map.

"You can talk all you want, but once you produce a map you clearly see the relationships that are involved and help the government of Rwanda more effectively manage its resources."

The importance of being there

The virtual world still needs a lot of work if it is to replace the real world says regular columnist Bill Thompson.

Second Life grab

" On Monday I went to see author and thinker Clay Shirky talk at a lunchtime seminar hosted by the Demos think tank.

I travelled in to London earlier than I needed to on a crowded train, sitting on a slow bus across town and then squeezing into a bright but too warm room to sit on a hard seat in order to listen to something which was being recorded and will later be available as a podcast.

Clay was charming and intelligent and funny, and I got to hear him thinking out loud about the impact of social tools on international politics, which was fun, but I could have done all that by listening in online, or even by watching the stream of brief reports appearing on Twitter, the communications service that is currently taking the net by storm.

Instead I sat there offering my own online commentary on what he was saying while looking up references on the web as he talked.

Net benefits

What drove me there was the same inner need that got me to the OpenTech conference last weekend, despite the fact it meant a trip to London on a Saturday.

Two weeks ago it took me to York for Shift Happens, an event for those working in the arts to explore new technology, and before that it had dragged me to 2gether08, the strangely-named but fabulously productive convention that arch-networker Steve Moore created by inviting a lot of interesting people to come up with some cool things to talk about.

I am sure that it will take me around the country and indeed the world in years to come, because there is something special about being in the same space as someone else.

"We should not assume that any of today's models will persist or the big sites will be around in a few years time"
Bill Thompson

Bill Thompson However good the video link, however clear the audio, and however anatomically accurate the avatar, sharing the same space and breathing the same air makes a difference to the quality of interaction, especially when you're trying to do something creative rather than being a passive member of an audience.

This doesn't mean we shouldn't try to improve the various online alternatives to being there, just that we should not expect them to be an adequate substitute in all circumstances.

Online may not be the same as being there, but it does of course have its own special advantages.

Online I can participate in distributed events, meet with people who could never all be present in the same space at the same time, and use the tools to mix synchronous and asynchronous communications to allow a distributed form of participation.

I can even be in two places at the same time. A video feed of every session at 2gether08 was streamed live on the internet, so I managed to sit in a room paying a bit of attention to the discussion about freeing up public data with a headphone in one ear so that I could keep up with the discussion happening downstairs.

And I get to keep a record of my participation. The chat I had with Clay after his talk has vanished, but every word I said to the team from Chinadialogue in our Skype chat last week is carefully preserved, including the moment when the clock chimed and I thought it was interference on the line.

'Virtual presence'

Although they won't replace physical meetings, more and more of us are using online tools and services to keep up to date with our friends, share information about what we're up to or interested in and even to take part in events which we're not physically present at.

But travel takes time, costs money and can have an environmental impact that outweighs the benefits of actually "being there", so we want to make sure that the alternatives are as good as they can be.

And we can't assume that there is a single model for success, or that something that works in one context will be effective or even acceptable everywhere.

Clay Shirky was in London to talk about the ideas from his recently published book Here Comes Everybody, and in it he outlines what he sees as the social and technological factors that determine the success of a social tool, whether a service like email, a site like Facebook or a video-conferencing tool offering "virtual presence" at meetings.

For Shirky every successful social tool brings together a promise, a tool and a bargain - or rather, a plausible promise, an effective tool and an acceptable bargain with users.

The promise is the premise for a group's formation, the reason why people might sign up, join in or take part; the tool makes the necessary interaction possible; and the bargain is the deal between the provider and the user about what will ensue.

If you want to launch a new service then you need to find a way to bring the group of interested people into existence by promising them something, you need to find a tool that will do the job, and you need to keep your side of the bargain once the community is in existence - however ephemeral it may be.

Tools work in different ways, and they also build different levels of engagement between their users, from contribution (which Shirky calls "sharing") through cooperation to collaborative production, and ending with collective action. Wikipedia is a good example of cooperative creation; Linux of collective action.

We are still at a very early stage in our use of online tools for interaction and community-building, so we should not assume that any of today's models will persist or the big sites will be around in a few years time.

What is clear, however, is that the boundaries between the online and offline worlds are blurring as we put our hands through the looking-glass of the screen to shake hands with those on the other side, occasionally pulling them back through into what we still like to call "real life". "

Hi-tech help for Olympic hopefuls

By Michael Buchanan
BBC PM

Beijing logo, AFP/getty

For the past four years UK Sport has been running a research and innovation department whose aim is to bring the best experts in their field to help elite British performers.

The sporting body has spoken to aerodynamic engineers, textiles experts, ergonomists and a range of other specialists all with the aim of helping Britain win Olympic medals.

This will be the first games at which the influence of these technologists will be shown in the medal table and several sports are hoping UK Sport's assistance will give them a winning edge.

ARCHERY

Archery, BBC

Since early 2007, the British archery team has been working with biomechanic Oliver Logan to improve their accuracy.

He has been charged with finding technology that allows the archers and coaches to look at what happens to an arrow at the moment it leaves the bow.

Using intense lights and a high-speed camera, the team have been recording their shots and watching them back in slow motion on a laptop, with the aim of ensuring that nothing brushes the arrow on release.

"They [the archers] can adjust the bow; they can increase or reduce the tension, all by just a certain amount of millimetres which can be the difference between a medal and no medal," he said.

CYCLING

Racing bikes, BBC

Perhaps the greatest exponents of science and technology have been the highly-successful cycling team.

Having won a pannier's worth of medals at the recent world championships, the team are hoping to provide up to a third of all the gold medals that Britain aims to win in Beijing.

Since the 2004 Olympics the bikes have been completed overhauled, with every last detail - from - clothing and bikes to wheels and helmets - turned upside-down, inside-out.

The bike fork that BMX hopeful Shanaze Reade will use in China has, for instance, been completely rebuilt.

The team looked at the best forks that were out there, destroyed them and then built one that was more aerodynamic, 30% stronger and 30% lighter.

Former Olympic gold medallist Chris Boardman, now head of R&D at British Cycling, says the beauty of using experts who don't necessarily know much about sport is that they "don't know how it's meant to be".

Instead, he said, they ask very different questions.

"For example," he said, "I know that handle-bars should be 42cms wide, because they always have been. Someone from the outside will say why? Why do they have to be?"

"When you get stumped for an answer you realise they've asked a new question and then you can go and look if there is an advantage to changing that."

SHOOTING

Richard Faulds, BBC

Double trap shooting - where two clay pigeons are released simultaneously - is all about accuracy and rhythm.

Coaches and competitors are keen to find out what the optimum time is for releasing the second shot, but it happens so quickly that a hand-held stopwatch would not be able to register it accurately.

So defence contractor BAE Systems has devised a simple timing device that measures that time difference.

A microphone in front of the shooter starts a computer clock the instant the first shot is fired, while the sound of the second shot immediately stops the clock. It calculated that the typical time difference was 0.4 seconds.

Former Olympic champion and Beijing hopeful Richard Faulds says the device could be crucial. "The timing is very important. If we can find ways of telling when the timing is perfect or when it's not so good, then we can identify where our problems are and what we need to work on."

Consoles look to hit their stride

Console logos This year's E3 comes at a crucial time for the three big console makers. Difficult and expensive launch periods have been completed, developers have got to grips with the demands of new hardware and a growing market of gamers is hungry for new content. But what lies ahead for Sony, Microsoft and Nintendo?

MICROSOFT XBOX 360

Eight years after Bill Gates first announced plans for a Microsoft games console, called the Xbox, the company has yet to lead the market significantly in any territory.

Factfile: Xbox 360

Xbox 360

And for all the billions of dollars invested in Xbox the company has yet to see any financial return.

So has the Xbox project being a failure?

Analyst Nick Parker, who has worked for all the console firms, said: "One could look at the maths and say yes, from a business point of view you would not have made the same moves seven years ago.

"But in terms of what they have achieved they have certainly built up the best online gaming console for the masses."

He added: "It hasn't been an easy ride for them; they made some early mistakes with the brand and the product itself."

The ugly black box of the original Xbox, its oversized controllers and noisy fan turned many gamers off.

"There is a lot of negative heritage from the previous model," said Mr Parker.

Determined to get to market early, the Xbox 360 was the first of the current generation devices to reach eager gamers.

Piers Harding-Rolls, an analyst with Screen Digest, said: "They had a head of steam built but didn't deliver on it.

"Despite their early launch and success of Xbox they didn't build up a successful brand on continental Europe."

The Xbox 360 has become synonymous with hard-core gaming, fuelled by the success of action titles such as Gears of War and the Halo franchise, and across continental Europe it is an image which turns many gamers off.

Mr Parker said: "Their issues are still with the brand in Europe. They are fighting a very robust legacy brand in PlayStation."

But Microsoft is preparing a major re-branding exercise to overturn many consumers' preconceptions about the console.

"Europe is the true competitive front; they see it as the tipping point," said Mr Harding-Rolls.

He added: "They realise now that the European market is not the US market."

An industry insider told BBC News that Microsoft had a "considerable war chest" to invest in re-positioning the image of the Xbox 360 to mainland Europe.

And software titles that appeal to a wider demographic will be a large part of that strategy.

At E3 Microsoft is expect to place a large amount of emphasis on family and social games, through software and peripherals.

In many ways Microsoft is attempting to wrestle away some of the success Nintendo has had with its Wii console.

But the job of re-inventing the Xbox 360 for a whole new market of gamers was "a big gamble", said Mr Parker.

"But," he added, "they have got to do it."

NINTENDO WII

"No-one predicted how successful the Wii was going to be," said Mr Harding-Rolls.

Factfile: Wii

Nintendo Wii

After failing to deliver the success it had hoped for with the GameCube, Nintendo surprised many by taking a completely different route with its follow-up, the Wii.

"Nintendo was really astute to recognise the potential of social gaming and to see its popularity on platforms like the PC, translate it to the console space and have it on primary screens in the living room," explained Mr Harding-Rolls.

Sony may have helped to pioneer social gaming on PlayStation 2 with Singstar and EyeToy, but Nintendo took the genre on and turned it into a global phenomenon.

"It's almost a parallel games market," said Mr Parker.

"There's been a lot of talk recently about whether what they do is games or lifestyle assistants," he added.

But that success has brought its own challenges.

"There are still question marks over its longevity," said Mr Harding-Rolls.

"Of those people who go out and buy hardware and Wii Fit, how many will buy follow-up software?"

But he added: "But it's not a fad. It's a legitimate product with legitimate customer base."

There are also question marks about some developers' commitment to the platform long term.

"They are not investing huge amounts of cash into the market and letting Nintendo alone drive hardware sales," said Mr Parker.

Developer David Braben, whose firm Frontier produced Lost Winds for the Wii, said the console was a key part of its plans.

He said: "There has been quite a lot of differentiation between the consoles, which hasn't happened before with console generations.

"The type of people who buy Wii contrast with those who buy the other consoles. That lets us develop something new and fresh for the console, instead of just another sequel."

SONY PLAYSTATION 3

Delays, resentment over its high price, confusion over differing models and features around the world; the birth of PlayStation 3 was anything but smooth.

Factfile: PlayStation 3

PlayStation 3

But all the signs point to Sony steering the PlayStation 3 into smoother waters.

Mr Parker said: "They are pretty much on track. Analysts and journalists were expecting too much too quickly on PlayStation 3.

"It was always going to take a long time. But they are very loyal to PlayStation in Europe and now that the big games are hitting the shops people are buying the machine."

Mr Harding-Rolls added: "To analysts, Sony's launch figures were very good."

For Sony, the next 12 months is about maintaining its momentum and trying to differentiate the PS3 from its direct rival, the Xbox 360.

At E3 the company is tipped to push connectivity between the PlayStation Portable and the PS3, as well as growing the use of user-generated content in gaming through the use of peripherals like EyeToy.

The company's plans for the device as a multimedia hub are also expected to take shape at E3, with reports of a movie download store and confirmation dates for the launch of peripherals like Play TV and its virtual world, Home, expected.

Long-awaited games such as Killzone 2 and LittleBigPlanet are now on the near horizon and Sony will be keen to flex its first-party development muscles.

Mr Harding-Rolls said: "Their key differentiator from rivals is their internal development capability. The potential is there but they haven't fully delivered.

"Nintendo may be more prolific but they don't have as many staff as Sony."

Crackdown on web game sharing

By Jim Reed
Newsbeat technology reporter

Girl playing a Nintendo DS

The company behind the computer game Dream Pinball 3D is taking 100 British people to court for allegedly uploading the game to file sharing sites.

It is thought to be the biggest drive yet against gamers who use peer-to-peer networks like BitTorrent and Limewire.

Lawyers working for the gaming industry have told Newsbeat to expect thousands more cases before the end of the year.

UK law firm Davenport Lyons is taking action for Topware Interactive, the US firm which produces Dream Pinball 3D.

Nintendo's Dream Pinball 3D The man in charge of the case, David Gore, said: "There is no difference between stealing a DVD from a high street retailer and downloading it from a peer-to-peer network.

"We hope that it will act as a deterrent. There is a hard core of file sharers who are just interested in getting something for nothing."

The Central London County Court has already ordered four file sharers to pay damages of £750 each in the case, although that figure could rise as high as £3,500 once costs are taken into account.

None of the four individuals appeared at the court hearing.

File sharing campaign

Davenport Lyons is using tracking technology developed by a Swiss company called Logistep to collect evidence against people who use peer-to-peer networks to upload copyright material.

Its File Sharing Monitor software records the individual IP address of the computer alleged to be used in the file transfer.

Lawyers still need to compare that with a list of physical addresses held by the broadband companies involved.

Davenport Lyons says a recent High Court victory will force Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to hand over thousands of names and addresses of suspected file sharers.

"This is a widespread practice," said David Gore. "In one European territory, a new game sold 2,000 copies in its first week on release.

"But 12,000 more were copied illegally from file sharing sites.

"Games companies now spend millions of pounds developing new titles and they cannot continue to do that while their work is being stolen."

Robots scale new heights

Robots that can climb walls have been developed by scientists in the United States.

The robots can scale surfaces using the same principles behind electrostatic charges, which make balloons stick to ceilings after being rubbed.

Developed by a team in SRI's Mobile Robotics and Transducers Programme, the machines are about the size of a remote-controlled car and have caterpillar tracks similar to those on toy tanks.

Inside these tracks are materials with electro-adhesive properties, which mean that when a current is applied, the tracks are attracted to the wall, preventing the robots from falling off.

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"What we've invented is a way to induce charges on the wall using a power supply located on the robot," research engineer Harsha Prahlad told BBC World Service's Digital Planet programme.

"The robot carries with it positive and negative charges, and when the walls sees these charges it automatically generates the opposite charge. The robot can then clamp onto those charges.

"In some ways it is similar to rubbing a balloon and sticking it on the wall, except we carry our own power supply and are able to control the adhesion."

Insect robots

Robots The technology, called compliant electroadhesion, uses a very small amount of power and the robots can crawl at a speed of about one body length per second.

The robots are being touted for use by the military, for reconnissance, for service applications and as toys.

"It is very similar to how a toy tank works, with the two treads," Mr Prahlad explained.

"There are positive and negative traces attached to the treads.

"We simply drive it, moving it like a conveyer belt."

The team is now working on a way to apply their technology to more insect-like robots, to mirror the way that creatures such as flies are able to walk upside-down.

This will be done by putting electro-adhesive pads on the robot feet.

"We often think of electrostatic forces as very weak - but if you get very close, you can get very strong forces from this," Mr Prahlad added.

The hits and misses of Microsoft

By Mark Ward
Technology reporter, BBC News

As Bill Gates finally bows out of Microsoft to pursue his charity interests, we look at some of the hits and misses of the software company he founded.

Bill Gates

MISSES

NO MORE SPAM

In early 2004, speaking at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland Mr Gates predicted that within two years the problem of spam - junk e-mail - would be solved.

A triumvirate of technical innovations, financial measures and filters would soon make it uneconomical for anyone to indulge in the practice of sending unsolicited e-mail in bulk.

Four years further on and it is clear that Mr Gates prediction has not been borne out. If anything spam has got worse.

Now junk mail, be it spam or error messages, make up more than 80% of all e-mail traffic.

While technical innovations have reduced the amount that makes it into e-mail inboxes, billions of junk mail messages are sent every day and many spammers make a very healthy living out of it.

THE INTERNET

The rise of the net and the success of the world wide web took a lot of people by surprise - Bill Gates included.

In 1995 Mr Gates co-wrote a book entitled The Road Ahead which gave little mention to the rising tide of interest in the net and its looming influence.

Later editions of the book were re-written to correct the omission but there is no doubt that Microsoft came late to the dotcom boom.

In late 1995 following the writing of a famous memo entitled "The Internal Tidal Wave" Mr Gates re-worked Microsoft to put the internet at the heart of everything it did.

Despite the dramatic turnaround Microsoft has always been seen as a laggard when it comes to online life.

Google, whose founders met at college in 1995, has set the pace that Microsoft struggles to match.

WINDOWS SECURITY

In January 2002 Bill Gates sent out one of his regular memos that defined the priorities for Microsoft over the coming months and years.

That memo was entitled "Trustworthy Computing" and declared an intent to put the security and integrity of user's data at the heart of everything Microsoft did.

Internally at Microsoft that meant lots of training courses for staff working on software and updates for Windows products to make good on this promise.

Windows Vista was intended to be the ultimate result of this change of strategy and has built in to it several innovations and technologies that try to limit what hi-tech criminals can do to it.

Despite Microsoft's efforts hi-tech crime is booming and Windows PCs are at the heart of it. Some anti-virus companies now report that there are more than one million items of malware in existence and Windows PCs are the target of choice for the bad guys.

INNOVATION

It is something of a myth that Microsoft is a hive of innovation that regularly pumps out products that take on the world.

In reality it is a good populariser of ideas but few can be said to have originated on Microsoft's campus or at the research labs it has set up around the world.

The innovations that it has ridden to success on - the graphical user interface, the mouse, spreadsheets, the web, the web browser - all started life elsewhere.

Even now the company regularly pays huge sums to snap up companies, such as Hotmail, that are experts in areas where it is lacking.

In some senses this is not a surprise as few investors are likely to bankroll a start-up that has the declared aim of tackling Microsoft head-on. Even so given its research budget - billions every year - Microsoft rarely wows the world with its new products.

ANTAGONISM TO OPEN SOURCE

It's clear that there is a profound philosophical difference between Microsoft, for which read Bill Gates' approach to business, and the world of open source that has sprung up on and prospered alongside the net.

This philosophical difference was sealed in 1976 when Mr Gates sent a letter to San Francisco's legendary Homebrew Computer Club in which he decried their rampant sharing of Microsoft's Basic for the Altair.

Many of those who attended the Homebrew Meetings went on to be the leading lights that created the internet and defined its open source ethic of sharing for the greater good. By contrast Microsoft has jealously guarded the inner workings of its products.

That reluctance to open up has served Microsoft well but as the pivot of the hi-tech world is now the web that stance is holding it back.

Worse than that, dedication to older ways of working is stopping it embracing more far-reaching changes, in particular the way it sells and creates software, that could make it a better fit for the web age.

HITS

LEAVING HARVARD

Founders of Microsoft

Bill Gates entered Harvard in 1973 aged 18 but never completed his college education.

His early experiences with computers and the appearance of chips that promised to bring about an era of personal computing convinced him to take a leave of absence, in effect drop out, and start a software company.

It's fair to say that this decision worked out pretty well for Mr Gates. Microsoft was founded in 1975 and its success defined the course of much of the hi-tech world for almost as long as he was in charge.

Financially too he has done well out of it and has been consistently named as the world's richest man for a couple of decades.

In 2007 he was awarded an honorary degree from Harvard and on accepting it he said: "I will be changing my job next year. It will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.

STRIKING A DEAL WITH IBM

For much of its early history Microsoft's rise was tied to the success of the IBM's PC.

In 1981 Microsoft signed an exclusive deal with IBM to put its DOS (Disk Operating System) on the new machine.

As makers of clone PCs started popping up Microsoft aggressively sold its operating system to them and, effectively, cornered the market.

Since then most PC makers have bundled in the operating system with the machine and every time a PC gets sold Microsoft makes money.

This system is starting to break down now as the small form factor PCs running cut-down operating systems prove popular but that early deal guaranteed a huge slice of revenue for the Redmond giant.

XBOX AND XBOX LIVE

Microsoft's Xbox was derided when it was announced and few gave it any chance of securing a significant part of the gaming market.

At the time it was launched Sony's PlayStation was all-conquering and looked impossible to beat.

But one quality Microsoft has in spades is persistence.

Couple that with its enormous reserves of cash and the stage becomes set for a stand-up fight.

The result of this persistence has been the Xbox 360 - the first of the next-generation consoles to launch and one which championed online console play before anyone else.

One of the payoffs for its strategy was the launch of Halo 3 which, Microsoft claimed, set records for an entertainment product.

With the Xbox 360 morphing into a multimedia hub and millions regularly playing online, Microsoft has set trends that others, mainly arch-rival Sony, are responding to.

A COMPUTER ON EVERY DESK AND IN EVERY HOME

This phrase has been the mission and mantra of Microsoft almost since the company was founded in the mid-1970s.

While IBM brought together the hardware firms that made all the bits for those first PCs, anyone who used them would probably remember Microsoft more than they would the maker of a hard drive. Its operating systems have become the recognisable face of those machines.

There can be little doubt that Microsoft has helped to evangelise desktop computers and got many people using them. Today about 90% of desktop machines run Windows - a testament to the success of the company.


Behind the scenes of Firefox 3.0

By Maggie Shiels
Technology reporter, BBC News, Silicon Valley

logo

There is a clear sense of anticipation building at the Mozilla Foundation's headquarters in Mountain View, California where engineers have been working for the past 34-36 months perfecting Firefox 3.0.

"This is the biggest release by far of Firefox," says Mike Schroepfer, vice president of engineering at the non-profit that drives the web browser's development.

"We couldn't have done it without the two million people around the world already running it and the other 20,000 helping give us feedback, working out the bugs and constantly refining it," he said.

Version 3.0 of Firefox is set to debut on 17 June and the Mozilla Foundation aims to try and set a world record for the most downloads in a day when the software is unleashed.

It will have to do well to beat Firefox 2.0 - that version racked up 1.6 million downloads on the day it was first released in October 2006.

Mr Schroepfer said Firefox 3 promised to be faster, easier to use and more secure than rival browsers.

He claims that Firefox 3.0 loads webpages three to four times faster than Firefox 2.0 and more than seven times faster than Microsoft's Internet Explorer (IE).

However, with all manner of factors beyond Mozilla's control affecting browsing speed those claims may prove hard to sustain.

Alongside the speed improvements goes the "Smart Location Bar" - a feature known as the "Awesome Bar" internally at Mozilla.

Mike Schroepfer and Paul Kim Mr Schroepfer calls this novel feature: "The biggest user experience change... since tabbed browsing."

The feature gives the browser's address bar a mechanism for quickly returning to web pages without bookmarking them, even if a user doesn't remember the address. It can also search "tags" - keywords that users associate with a particular page.

"Arms race"

Security was also high on the development team's list of improvements for the new version.

Mr Schroepfer told the BBC: "It's an arms race between the good guys and the bad guys. This is not scare tactics or boogie man kind of stuff.

"We have seen a huge uptick in malware attacks because they are financially motivated," he said.

"This is billions of dollars a year. There are clear incentives for people to do this because they make money so you need some good guys on your side to block them out."

Included in Firefox 3.0 are malicious software spotters that tell users when they are on a website that has been compromised. A red box will pop up in the middle of the screen warning users of the danger.

security Mr Schroepfer said: "This new type of attack where people are hijacking legitimate websites and using them as mechanisms to try and install software on your machine is truly worrying.

Behind the warning system is a list of infected sites that is updated every 30 minutes to keep up with the pace of web attacks.

When Firefox 2.0 was launched, said Mr Schroepfer, its security focus was phishing attacks, where fake websites ask for personal details such as bank account or social security numbers to aid identity theft and give access to a user's financial accounts.

"I think people adapted and thought phishing isn't working and then they switched to malware attacks," said Mr Schropefer.

Other features include almost 5000 add-ons to customise a page, making the image on the back button bigger than the forward button because that is the one used more often, and extending how long history stores page information to three months.

Since Firefox launched in 2004 it has gained a steadily increasing share of the web browsing market. Now, on average, about 15% of web users browse the web with Firefox.

"Our goal because we are non profit isn't world domination," said Mr Schroepfer. "It's just to make sure the internet is open, collaborative, competitive and innovative."


Real racing in the virtual world

By Jonathan Fildes
Science and technology reporter, BBC News

Felipe Massa drives ahead of McLaren Mercedes" British driver Lewis Hamilton at the Monaco racetrack on May 25, 2008 Sat on the start grid, foot poised over the accelerator, you wait for the row of red lights to extinguish.

Alongside you are top names like Lewis Hamilton, Felipe Massa and Kimi Raikkonen. The cars' engines are screaming and everyone is poised to go. For any Formula One fan the chance to race against their heroes would be a dream come true.

Sadly, the closest most of us have ever got is watching the Grand Prix on television. But that could soon change if a company from the Netherlands has its way.

"It's clear that the next trend in gaming is going to be bringing real objects into the virtual world; playing not against other gamers but people doing the real thing," said Andy Lurling, founder of iOpener Media.

The patented system his company is developing sucks in real-time GPS data from racing events and pumps it out to compatible games consoles and PCs.

The idea is that you could pit yourself against the top drivers in the world, as it happens, from the comfort of your living room.

"You can compete against the best of the best," he told BBC News.

'Hardcore appeal'

And if all of this sounds far fetched, think again.

The European Space Agency (Esa) was so impressed with his proposal, it gave Mr Lurling's company a grant to develop a proof of concept. A German venture capitalist has stumped up cash to develop it further.

Driving the boundaries of realism

Project Gotham Racing

He has already tested it with an F1 car and plans to have the first games on the market as early as September this year.

"At this point we have lots of interest and we are looking for the right partner to launch," he said.

The firm is currently in talks with six developers about using the technology.

Gareth Wilson, design manager at Bizarre Creations, makers of the Project Gotham Racing series, says he thinks games with the real-time feature would "excite a hardcore minority of gamers".

"Formula 1 and similar complex simulation games are getting less mass market nowadays, compared to their more arcade-style heyday in the late 90s," he told BBC News.

"This sort of feature would probably appeal to the hardcore gamer or F1 fan more than a mass market gamer.

"Having said that, the hardcore would totally love it."

Bizarre Creations is not currently one of the firms evaluating the system.

Precision position

At the core of iOpener's technology is an enhanced GPS system known as differential GPS (DGPS).

This uses a network of fixed base stations to correct the GPS signal, which on its own may only be accurate to within 10m. DGPS is commonly used for air navigation or shipping where precision is key.

  • 1. Car position located with Global Navigation Satellite Systems
  • 2. Location data and car telemetry is beamed to a track side server
  • 3. Data is tagged with unique ID of the car and sent over the internet
  • 4. Information stored on servers and "mediacast" to gamers.
  • Whole process from car to gamer takes less than five seconds

Real Time Games infographic

"With that we know the location and the velocity of the car," explained Mr Lurling.

As further precision is needed, iOpener can use information from the European EGNOS network, which augments GPS satellite signals to provide positional data accurate to within 2m.

Other tweaks include fitting cars with an inertial measurement unit (IMU), commonly used in guided missile systems, which measure acceleration, angle and yaw of the object.

"IMUs give accuracy on a short range," Mr Lurling told BBC News.

"Combined with DGPS, we know the location of the car to within less than 30 centimetres."

In addition, the system collects telemetry data from the car, which is fitted with a small computer, transmitter and the GPS receiver.

"That is already good enough data for a game," he said.

Telemetry is commonly collected by track-side engineers to monitor the vehicles' performance and can include information such as acceleration and what gear the car is in.

It has already used by games developers to build more realistic simulations.

Designers at Bizarre Creations used the telemetry to generate accurate track models for early F1 games, before detailed circuit maps existed, for example.

From the track side, the data is sent over the net to a server farm, where it is saved before being pumped out - or "mediacast" - to eager gamers.

The delay between collecting the data and the gamer being immersed in it is up to five seconds, similar to the lag on a TV broadcast.

"We also store the data, so not only can you play the game in real time, but you can replay races at a later date," said Mr Lurling.

Intelligent gaming

The company does not intend to develop its own games; rather it will provide the backbone for games developers to build on to.

But it will provide some software; specifically an artificial intelligence (AI) program to make sure that the virtual and real worlds blend seamlessly. Giancarlo Fisichella (top) of Italy and Force India and Kazuki Nakajima (bottom) of Japan and Williams collide

"If Hamilton is driving behind you he can't see you [in the game], so he would drive right through you," explained Mr Lurling.

"So the AI takes over at that point and you see a very realistic overtaking."

The system also handles the results of in-game collisions between real and virtual drivers.

In this case, the real car always drives away. The gamer's fate is less certain.

"We go for optimal realism but the game experience has to be right," he said.

Mr Wilson agrees with this approach.

"There is a huge difference between what happens in the real world and what happens in video games - even the most 'realistic' simulator has to bend real world physics to make the game more fun," he said.

However, even with the AI, he thinks gamers may encounter a more fundamental frustration with the system.

"I know I wouldn't even get close to the lap times that Lewis Hamilton could run, unless my car in the virtual world had a load of extra grip and power - which might defeat the point," he said.

At the moment, iOpener is concentrating firmly on racing games, but believes that there is a huge market for the system in other sports.

"You can think of biking, rowing, skiing and snowboarding," said Mr Lurling.

"In the next three to five years, we believe that games will not be 'triple A' games unless they have our feature in," he said.

Mr Lurling was the 2006 Dutch regional winner of the European Satellite Navigation Competition (Galileo Masters) which aims to find novel uses for location data. The 2008 competition is now open to entries, until 31 July.


Yahoo goes back to its roots

By Darren Waters
Technology editor, BBC News website

Yahoo sign

For millions of people worldwide Yahoo remains synonymous with the internet itself, but after Microsoft walked away from buying the firm what does the future hold?

The famous exclamation mark at the end of the Yahoo! logo has seemingly become more of a question mark in recent months.

It has been left wounded by Microsoft's failed takeover approach, seemingly embarrassed as it trialled rival Google's advertising technology on its own search and vulnerable after losing its spot as the most visited place on the internet among US users.

Yahoo itself says the company is looking to the future with an ambitious effort to "re-wire" the whole organisation into a giant social hub.

Brad Garlinghouse, Yahoo's head of communities and communications, told BBC News: "Rumours of our demise are greatly exaggerated.

"We are in a very healthy position. We generate a billion and a half dollars in cash flow a year."

Mr Garlinghouse was quick to point out that Yahoo Mail remained the world's leading mail service, used by almost a third of the world's internet users, and services like Yahoo messenger, homepage and news were market leaders in the US.

Yahoo

He said that Flickr, the firm's popular photo sharing site, had seen registered users rise from 300,000 to 24 million in the last few years.

"The fact people are looking at it and say it is dying or doing poorly seems strange to me," said JupiterResearch analyst Nate Elliott.

"It is a very strong player in almost everything it does. Our industry tends to be blind to anything outside of search.

"For Yahoo, unfortunately, they are dominant in everything outside search."

Mr Elliott added: "It's worth looking at the numbers: It's a massive company, with incredibly large revenues, that makes money and is still growing."

According to the firm's first quarter results, its revenues and gross profit are both up about 10% on the same time last year.

YAHOO FIGURES

  • $1.8 billion in revenue in first quarter 2008
  • 140,613,000 visitors to Yahoo sites in the US in April*
  • 4.4% of UK search market*
  • 21% of US search*
*Figures from ComScore

After a difficult few months Yahoo is beginning to focus more on returning to its roots.

Mr Garlinghouse is well-known for a leaked internal memo, in which he compared Yahoo's complex and disjointed strategy on many different fronts to spreading peanut butter thinly across many places.

Two years on from that memo and much had changed, he said,

Yahoo was now focused on making the entire organisation more open for consumers, he added.

"We really shouldn't be thinking abut communications as a group as separate from communities.

"We feel like we want all of Yahoo to be more social; how to bring people to the core of the experience."

Yahoo is hoping to combine its success in bringing audiences to content, via the home page or the news page, as well as its mail service, with the social networking features that have become so important to MySpace and Facebook, and others.

As a first step the company will be letting users pull in information to their Yahoo Mail page from other services and content companies, as well as exporting their Yahoo information to other destinations.

Steve Ballmer

Mr Garlinghouse said: "Social as a silo isn't where we'll be in a couple of years as an industry. Social makes things more relevant.

"I own my social connections - not Facebook, MySpace or Yahoo. Our philosophy inside Yahoo is that this is ultimately your data; we are going to let you take it with you, let you have access to it in a very open way."

Perhaps unsurprisingly, given the importance of e-mail to the company, Mr Garlinghouse said that Yahoo Mail could be a really big catalyst for making all of Yahoo more social.

A smart inbox that orders e-mails from your most relevant contacts, as well as "vitality updates" from friends, and alerts based on friends' activities at other sites, will be combined inside Yahoo Mail.

Longer term, he said Yahoo was looking at making e-mail itself smarter, using a protocol called XMTP, which would allow e-mail to pull in users' social connections into messages.

"There is an opportunity for e-mail to be a richer experience by being more social," he said.

He added: "It's not just social networking for the sake of social networking - it's enabling connections to give richer experiences."

Mr Garlinghouse said the company was committed to pulling down walls users are confronted with across Yahoo sites.

"There are today over two dozen different profiles you can have on Yahoo. Where we are going you will have one profile on Yahoo, one social graph on Yahoo."

Mr Elliott lauded the ambition but said others had tried similar things and failed.

"It's a great idea - but this is just the beginning. I don't know if anyone has successfully proven that giving people their content and information to take with them is a great strategy for building revenues.

Jerry Yang

"It will be interesting to see how it works for Yahoo because it seems easier to me to build things on top of a social graph, than to build a social graph into established content and services.

"We've seen MySpace and Facebook start with a social graph and then building these content and services on top. I've not seen anyone reverse engineer the process."

He added: "If they can make it work then they are in great shape."

Mr Elliott said Yahoo's biggest challenge remained competing with Google in search.

"Search share numbers are frightening. Google is so completely dominant in so many European markets".

Yahoo has been criticised in some quarters for a limited trial of Google's advertising technology on its own search pages.

Mr Garlinghouse said the trial was about transparency.

He said: "We learned a lot from that. It helps us make better decisions. To me it demonstrates an openness and willingness to ask hard questions."


Making punishment fit the crime

Regular columnist Bill Thompson asks how severely we should punish those who infringe copyright.

Cable being disconnected, Eyewire

" Making laws in the European Union is a long, complicated and often tedious process that involves a delicate ballet featuring the Council of Ministers, the Parliament and the Commission.

Before a Directive is passed there will be numerous committees, occasional votes, multitudinous amendments and many, many occasions for lobbyists, campaigning groups and special interests to try to influence things in their favour.

So it shouldn't surprise us that a package of amendments to telecoms laws currently making its way through the European Parliament's committee system has received careful scrutiny from those who worry that the interests of the music and film industry are being placed before freedom of expression or civil liberties.

Several amendments from British MEP Syed Kamall, a member of the Conservative group, have been criticised by those campaigning for a more open net.

Mr Kamall has proposed a change to Article 21 (4a) that asks member states to oblige them to "distribute public interest information to existing and new subscribers when appropriate. Such information shall be produced by the relevant public authorities in a standardised format" and may include "Illegal uses of electronic communications networks… including infringement of copyright and related rights".

This reads like a call for a public information campaign, but observers like the UK-based Open Rights Group and the French-based La Quadrature du Net believe it would oblige ISPs to contact subscribers when they are accused of transmitting licensed content without permission, for example when using file-sharing networks or downloading from unauthorised sources.

"Perhaps the twenty-first century industrial giants might like to have a quiet word with the record industry and tell them to give up trying to stop the digital tide coming up the beach."
Bill Thompson

Europe votes on anti-piracy laws

Bill Thompson Another amendment put forward by Mr Kamall allows that "traffic data may be processed… to ensure the security of a public electronic communication service", which the campaigners read as giving carte blanche to the content providers to monitor and control what happens on the network on the grounds that copying files or breaking digital rights management counts as a "security" breach.

I'm not so sure.

Mr Kamall is an expert on telecommunications and has a strong libertarian approach to global trade. In 2005 he spoke about "The Dilemmas of a Free Trade Liberal in the European Parliament" at the Libertarian Alliance conference, and he features photos of himself with Brian Micklethwait of the Libertarian Alliance.

It seems unlikely that he would put forward amendments designed to support the old-fashioned business models of the film and music industries.

One of the other amendments he is proposing seems to stop the music industry from putting blocks and filters in place, as it calls for "no mandatory requirements for specific technical features including, without limitation, for the purpose of detecting, intercepting or preventing infringement of intellectual property rights by users" on the grounds that they might damage the free market for goods and services.

So I don't think his proposals are as dangerous or as supportive of the music industry's viewpoint as other commentators and campaigners argue.

However, the fact that they are being read as such shows how twitchy the digital rights movement is at the moment, and even a cursory glance at current practice and proposed laws will show why.

In the UK Virgin Media is sending out letters to subscribers on behalf of the BPI, accusing people of downloading unlicensed music, while proposed laws in Canada would make it a criminal offense to load your iPod with music from CDs you have bought.

Ipod nano, PA/Apple Around the world content industries are lobbying hard to get laws passed that will help them support their 20th Century business models in the networked world.

They want legal protection from the winds of change that are blowing through the music, film and other creative industries and allowing them to threaten, sue and even imprison those who challenge their ability to make a profit.

The clearest example of this is the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement, or Acta, a proposed international treaty that would rigidly impose current copyright laws on online activities and give those who own intellectual property rights immense legal authority over anyone they accused of infringement.

The whistle-blowers site Wikileaks revealed a draft of the agreement in May, and recently it published what it claims is a memo prepared by the Recording Industry Association of America outlining what it would like to see in the final version.

It includes a call to make net firms liable for material copied over their networks, and a request to "make deterrence against piracy and counterfeiting a priority legal matter". It seems that profits of the music industry are at least as important as counter-terrorism and investigations of child slavery.

The RIAA also wants "internet service providers or other intermediaries to restrict or terminate access to their systems with respect to repeat infringers".

This is an idea that has grown in importance over the last year or two, often expressed as a "three strikes and you're out" rule, where anyone who downloads or shares unlicensed material gets two warnings and is then cut off from the network.

It is the equivalent in the network world of hanging someone for stealing a sheep - or perhaps hanging them for daring to look at your sheep in a way that makes you believe they might be thinking about stealing it.

As author and blogger Cory Doctorow put it in The Guardian: "The internet is only that wire that delivers freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and freedom of the press in a single connection. It's only vital to the livelihood, social lives, health, civic engagement, education and leisure of hundreds of millions of people".

European Parliament building, BBC Yet EMI, Warner, V2, Sony BMG and the other four hundred or so members of the BPI want to cut people off from that network for copyright infringement.

Imagine if you had a child who was excluded from school for cheating in an exam, and you were told that they weren't allowed to watch TV, listen to music, read books, talk to their friends or go into any shop during the exclusion.

Oh, and you and your entire family were subject to the same restrictions.

That's what the music industry wants at the moment - if you dare to damage their economic viability then you have to be excluded from everything the internet has to offer.

Of course you're also then cut off from buying from Amazon or Sainsbury's, clicking on Google adverts, sending campaign donations to your favourite candidate or taking part in a great deal of economic activity that benefits other organisations.

Perhaps the 21st Century industrial giants might like to have a quiet word with the record industry and tell them to give up trying to stop the digital tide coming up the beach.

Cnut knew it was impossible but had to show his sycophantic advisors that the sea was no respecter of monarchy.

Clearly the BPI needs to be taught the same lesson when it comes to the internet. "

Bill Thompson is an independent journalist and regular commentator on the BBC World Service programme Digital Planet.